Control means for varying the relative speeds of members driven through a common differential mechanism



3 H. A. CENTERVALL CONTROL MEANS FOR VARYING THE RELATIVE SPEEDS OF MEMBERS DRIVEN THROUGH A coMMoN DIFFERENTIAL MECHANISM Original Filed Nov. 25, 1951 2 Sheets-Sheet l June 18,

INVENTOR ja A. BY x ATTORNEY- A. CENTERVALL 2 004,929 CONTROL MERNS FOR VARYING THE RELATIVE SPEEDS OF MEMBERS June 18, 1935.

DRIVEN THROUGH A COMMON DIFFERENTIAIL MECHANISM 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Original Fil ed Nov. 25, 1931 a WAR nwm w. h p m$ T M n .I. Q m MN N. M L

Patented June 18, 1935 PATENT OFFICE CONTROL MEANS FOR VARYING.THE RELA- -TIVE SPEEDS OF MEMBERS DRIVEN THROUGH A COMMON DIFFERENTIAL MECHANISM Hugo A. Centervall, New York, N. Y., assignor to Manly Corporation, New York, N. Y., a corporation of Delaware Application November 25, 1931, Serial No. 577,264 Renewed February v23, 1934 20 Claims.

This invention relates to control means for varying the relative speeds of members driven through a common differential mechanism.

Such differential mechanisms are well known and widely used. In some instances, such as in the conventional rear axle assembly of an automobile, all that is required is that the device permit one driven member to rotate at a speed different from that of the other driven member so as to compensate for variations in their paths of travel. In other instances it is desirable to control at will the speeds of the driven members relative to each other. Well known examples of this are found in certain track-type tractors in which a differential mechanism is employed and steering is effected by varying the relative speeds of the driving axles which operate the tracks. This control has heretofore been accomplished hymechanical means, such as brakes acting upon the driving axles or clutches interposed between the differential and the driven tracks or both. These mechanical control-mechanisms are necessarily large. As they are so'often used, they are subject to great wear and require frequent adjustment and replacement, making them diflicult and costly to maintain. Further, the driver must exert considerable efiort to operate these controls which becomes a very tiresome jobbecause of their frequent use.

Among the objects of my invention are: to provide an improved control means for varying the relative speeds of members driven through a dommon differential mechanism; to provide a hydraulically operated device of this class and for this purpose; to provide a control means which is simple and easy to operate so as to relieve the operator? of practically all work in connection with its operation; to provide a control means that is simple, subject to little wear and requiring practically no maintenance. Other objects will appear from the description and drawings.

As track-type tractors present a well known example of the useof differential mechanisms with control means .and as my device is ideally.

suited for use on them, I have illustrated my invention in connection with one of them; but it will be understood that my device may be used in connection with any other power transmission mechanism where such control is desired and that practiced and carried out in other ways.

I do not limit my invention to use on tractors or for any special purpose.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a to plan view, shown partly schematically, of a track-type tractor embodying a preferred form of my invention.

Figure 2 is an enlarged view of my control device, shown partly in section and partly schematically.

Figure 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view along the line 3-3 of Figure 2.

Figure 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view along the line 4-4 of Figure 2.

Figure 5 is a vertical cross-sectional view along the line 55 of Figure 2, with the parts in the certain adjustment.

Figure 6 is a vertical cross-sectional view along the line 6-6 of Figure 2, with the parts in the same adjustment as in Figure 5.

Figure 7 is a vertical cross-sectional view along the line l| of Figure 2, with the parts in the same adjustment as in Figure 5.

Before explaining in detail the present invention, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of construction and arrangement of parts illustrated in the accompanying drawings, since the invention is capable of other embodiments and of being It is also to be understood that the phraseology or terminology reported herein is for the purpose of description and not for limitation, and it. is not intended to limit the invention beyond the terms of the several claims hereto appended as con- .sidered in view of the prior art and the requirements thereof.

Referring now to*the drawings, l0 designates the driving engine which is operatively connected to the rear axle assembly by means of the usual clutch, not shown, the shaft 1 l, the conventional change gears in the gear box l2 and the propeller shaft I3. Upon the rear end of the propeller shaft I3 is attached the bevel gear l4, mounted in suitable bearings l5 and meshing with the ring gear l6 which is attached to the differential housing II by any suitable means such as cap screws 18. v

The differential mechanism per seforins no part of my invention and is here illustrated as a conventional type comprising bevel pinions l9 meshing with the differential bevel gears 29 and The pinions i9 are rotatably mounted on pivots 22, one of the ends of which are carried by the differential housing l1 and the other ends of which are carried by the central distance piece 23 which is rotatably supported upon the adjoining inner ends of the axle shafts 24 and 25. The difierential gear is keyed, as at 26, to the axle shaft 24 and the diflferential gear 2| is keyed, as at 21, to the axle shaft 25. To the outer end of the shaft 24 is fastened the gear 29 meshing with the larger gear 30 which is operatively connected to whatever means is employed to drive the track 32' of.the tractor. Similarly, to the outer end of the'shaft 25 is fastened the gear meshing with the larger gear 31 which is operatively connected to whatever means is employed to drive track 33. K

For controlling the speeds of rotation of the axle shafts 24 and 25 relative to each other I employ a fluid motor operatively connected to the differential housing l1 and to one of the axle shafts. This motor may be of any preferredtype. As here shown, it includes a hollow rotor 4| having a hub portion 42. Formed in the rotor 4 are outwardly-discharging radial cylinders 43, here shown as five in number. At the outerend of each cylinder is a port 44 communicating with a passage 45 whose other end terminates, ina port 45 in the inner periphery of the hollow hub 42. The rotor 4| surrounds the axle shaft'25, its inner end being'fastened as by'cap screws '41 to the differential housing l1 so as to make a fluid tight joint therewith. The outer end of the rotor 4| is rotatably supported by a valve meme ber to described later.

Slidable the cylinders 43 are pistons 48 connected by wrist pins to the connecting rods 49 which have their inner ends enlarged to form shoes 50. These shoes 59 are disposed against the outer periphery of a bearing assembly 5| against which they are held by a pair of rings 52 located at Opposite sides of theseries of connecting rods and fitting within the grooves 53 in .the shoes 50. The shoes 59 may slide circumferentially with respect to the bearing assembly 5| to compensate for varying angularities of the 25 upon which it is concentrically mounted. The

inner end of the valve member 56 is received the hub portion 42 of-the rotor 4| and forms arotatable support for that end of the rotor. The valve member 55 is heldin place relative'to the rotor 4| and the eccentric collar 54 .by key 51 which keys it to the axle shaft 25.

- Near the inner end of the valve member 55' are formed a pairof similar valve ports 58 and 59,

separated by a transverse partition .50, these ports being adapted to register'with the ports 45 in the hub 42 of the rotor 4|. The valvemember 55 is made of such size as toform a substantially fluid tight flt .with the hub 42 while permitt its rotation within said hub, A150 formed withpassages 45 is a pasage 99 having an enlarged sages 52 connect on their inner ends with the valve port 59 and on their outer endgxwi th the channels 54 and 55 through ports 51 and59 respectively. Similarly, the pair of passages 59 connect on'their 'inner ends with the valve port 59 5 and on their outer end with the channel 55 through the ports 59. V

Surrounding the valve member 55,,is the cylindrical valve housing II of such bore as to permit it to be moved longitudinally of the valve member 55 and to permit the valve member 55 to rotate freely within it but to form substantially fluid tight running joints with the circumferential channels 54, 55 and 55. Formed in the housing III are two ports II and 12 to which are. connected flexible pipes 13 and I4 respectively. For effecting longitudinal movement of the housing 15 with respect to the valve member 55 I provide a lever 15 having an appropriate yoke which issuitably connected to the housing 19 as at 19.-

There is also provided means for returning to the hydraulic circuit the fluid leaking past the pistons 49 into the interior of the rotor 4|. Connecting the interior of the rotor 4| and one ofthe 2. portion 9|. The converging end'of the enlarged portion 9| forms a seat 92 for a check valve 99.

here shown as of the ball type, yieldingly held on .formed with a groove 91 so that it may be turned,

as with a scr'ew-driven-to adjust the pressure on the spring 94 to any desired amount. The ar rangementis such that when there is working pressure fluid in the passage 45, the check valve 7 83 is'held firmly on its seat and no fluid is per-= mitted to pass through the passage 99 in either direction. When the rotor 4| has turned with respect to the valve member 55 so that this particular passage 45 contains fluid under substantially no pressure, the check valve 99 will open under any additional pressure in the interior of the rotor 4| and allow excess fluid to enter the passage 45 and thus be put back into the main circulatory system. The pressure exerted by the spring 94 is preferably made a very small amount so that the valve 93 may open under very slight pressure in the interior of the rotor 4|. It will be understood, of course, that valves may be in-. stalled in one or more of the es45 as may be required.

Any-desired source of pressure fluid may be usedbut in the preferred embodiment I" provide a simple gear pump 99 of a well known type. This pump comprises a housing 9| in w h are si'iitablymountedapairofmeshingge d93. These gears are intended to be dri ously by any suitable means whenever engine II is running and in a direction of rotation which makes the port 94 the high pressure or exhaust port and the port 95 the low pressure or intake port. Formed in the housing 9| is a longitudinal 65 passage 95 which leads from the high pressure-r po'rt 94 and terminates in a valve bore |29-to be described later. Also formed in the housing 9| is a longitudinal 91 which leads from the intake port 95 and connects with a transverse passage 99 which'in turn connects with a longitudinal e 99 terminating in a valve bore |2 9. The longitudinal passages 95 and 99 are connected by a transverse e "9 having an enlarged portion ill whose conve gi g end forms1 a seat I02 for a check valve III located within said enlarged portion MI. The outer end of the passage I00 and its enlarged portion IN is closed as by a threaded plug I03, suitable packing being used to prevent leakage. The longitudinal passage I04 connects the valve bore I20 and the enlarged portion IOI of the passage I00.

Leading from the valve bore I20 and positioned intermediate the passages 36 and I04 is a longitudinal passage I05 whose outer end terminates in a port I00 to which the pipe 14 is connected. Also leading from the valve bore I20 and positioned intermediate the passages I04 and 93 is a longitudinal passage I01 whose outer end terminates in a port I00 to which the pipe 13 is connected. The passage I01 is'also connected with the valve bore I20 through the transverse pas-z sage I00 which communicates with the longitudinal passage IIO positioned intermediate the passage 36 and the closed end I2I of the valve bore I20.

The check valve III is of standard design and its guide portion I I2 is provided with longitudinal grooved passagesthrough which fluid may easily pass when the valve is not seated. Upon the valve III is placed one end of a spring-I I3 which is held in place by the valve stem II4. There is also provided a plunger II 5 whose stem II1 extends through the plug I03, suitable packing being used to prevent leakage. Formed intermediate 0! the ends of the plunger H5 is a shoulder 0 which forms a seat {or the other end of the spring 3, the latter being held in place by the portion of the plunger II5 extending below the shoulder H6. The? proportions of the parts are such that when they are in the positions shown in Figure 2 little or no pressure is exerted 'upon the spring I I3 by the shoulder H0. The valve III will, therefore, be lifted from its seat I02 by the fluid in the passage 35 and the adjacent portion of passage I00 even when this fluid is under very small presation. If the plunger H5 is pushed in toward the valve III, the shoulder IIG will tend to compress the spring II3 which will exert pressure upon the valve III and hold it, on its seat. As fluid can no longer escape through the passage 1 00, the pump will almost immediately build up pressure in the passage 90. Inward movement of the plunger II5 may be limited as by a stop IIO adjustably located upon the stem II1.

To prevent the fluid pressure from becoming excessive thevalve III in co-operation with the spring II3 acts as a safety valve. For this purpose the stem H4 and the plunger II5 are made of such length that there is always a gap between their opposing ends in all positions of their adjustment. If; therefore, the pressure in the passage 30 and the inner end of the passage I00 ex-' whose other arm I10 is movably connected to one end of a rod I00 to be described later. Also attached to the arm I10 is a spring I13 which is constantly under tension and so tends to pull the arm I10toward it and hence force the plunger H5 toward the valve III. The movement of the arm I10 toward the spring I13 is limited by a stop I14.

A reservoir I35 is provided for storing a reserve supply of fluid to replenish any leakage that may occur. This reservoir is connected, as by a pipe I36, with a port I31 formed in the pump housing 9I at the intersection of passages 08 and 09. This arrangement assures an ample supply of fluid at the intake 'port 05 at all times and-permits the reservoir to receive any fluid returned from the hydraulic circuit in excess of the amount required to fill the main circulatory system.

Formed in the housing 9| is the transverse cylindrical valve bore I20 whose closed end I2I extends beyond the longitudinal passage I I0 and whose other end is closed by the threaded plug I22. Slidable within the valve bore I 20 is a piston-type valve member I23 whose stem I24 extends through an opening in the plug I22, suitable packing being used to prevent leakage. The valve member I23 is provided with three heads, I25, I26 and I21 respectively, which are separated by two interposed reduced portions I20 and 129. The three heads I25, I26 and I21 are all of equal and uniform diameter, said diameter being such as to form a substantially fluid tight fit with the bore I20 but to permit the valve member I23 to be moved longitudinally within said bore. The reduced portions I28 and I29 are likewise of equal and uniform diameter so that the'opposing radial faces on each end of said reduced por ticns are of equal area and form a balanced valve member of well known type. A small longitudinal drill hole I30 extends through the valve member I23 and communicates with a radial drill hole I3I in the stem I24, providing an outlet for fluid that leaks past the head I21 into th closed end I2I of the valve bore I20. The arrangement provided by the valve member I23 and the various passages communicating with the valve bore I20 is such that when, the parts are in the positions shown in Figure 2 the pressure fluid delivered into the passage 36 by the rotating gears 92 and 93 will pass through the connected passages into the pipe 14. The pipe 13-will then be part of the low pressure or return side of the hydraulic circuit and fluid returning through it will pass through the connected passages to the intake port 35, The flow of fluid in the pipes 13 and 14 may be reversed by shifting the valve.. member I23 toward the closed end I2I of the valve bore. I20 so that the head I21 uncovers the port formed by the intersection of the bore I20 and the passage H0. The head I26 will then cover the port formed by the intersection of the valve bore. I20 and the passage I05 and the head I25 will cover the port formed by the intersection of the bore I20 and the passage I01. Theliigh pressure passage .36 will then be connected; with the pipe 13 and the intake port 05 willfbe connected with the arm I42 of a bell crank which is pivoted asmovably joined to one end of a rod I45. As vary withthe distance the housing is moved a which is'pulled toward the bevel gear I4 to ef- 4 r 2,004,959 at l4l. The other arm of the bell crank 'is'- of register of these ports with these channelswill shown in Figure l, the .other end of the rod I so that together they function as a throttle valve is movablyconnected to one end of a lever I48 and accordingly regulateethe amount of fluid dewhich is pivoted as at I". A spring I4. is faslivered to the hydraulic motor proportionally with tened to the lever I45 and normally holds said the amount of the register, thus varying thespeed lever against a stop I54. The other end I48 of themotor. Figures 5,6and'Ishow'the relation of the lever I45 is adapted to be actuated by of the channels 64, 65 and 66 with respect to the vwhatever means is used to shift the change gears valve housing II! when said housing has been to cause the tractor to travel rearwardlyf this moved its maximum distance away from the rotor is here" presumed to be a reversing lever |5I 4|. Pressure fluid will thenpassthrough the pipe 14 into the channel 56, the ports ":the pair of feet such reversal. The arrangement is such passages 62 and the valve port 58. From the that the movement of the reversing lever 'I5I valve port 58 the pressure fluid will pass through the amount necessary to shift the change gears all of those ports 46 then in communication with also causes the lever |45 to swing on its pivot it and into their corresponding passages 45, their' I41. and through the intervening connecting ports 44 and cylinders 43. Pressure will thus be members, to shift the valve member I23 into exerted uponthe pistons 48 and, through the proper position vto connect e 95 with the connecting rods 49 and the bearing assembly 5|, pipe I3 and the intake port' with pipe 14. upon the eccentric collar 54, causing said eccen- The valve member I23 will return to the positric collar to rotate in a direction opposite to that tion shown in Figure 2 when the change gears of the rotor 4| and-the differential housing |,'I.'

are shifted so as to cause the tractor to travel' As the. eccentric collar 54 is keyed to the axle forwardly. shaft 25, the speed of said shaft 25 will thus be I also provide means whereby the operation reduced and at'the same time, through the pin.- of the hydraulic motor may be controlled by an I ions I9 and the differential gears Ill and 2|, the ordinary steering wheel. Iil designates a steerspeed of the axle shaft 24 will be increased. The ing post to one end of which is connected the track I! will, therefore, be driven ata slowerspeed steering wheel, not shown. Attached to the post tharrthe track 32, causing the tractor toturn III is a lever "I which is movably joined'to toward the track 33. Fluid exhausted by the roanother lever I02 which in turn is movably contating cylinders 43 will pass out through the pascrumed as at I". Also attached to the steering from which it will pass through the passages 63.

post I5. is a cam I54 against which bears a the ports 69, the channel .65 and the port-"II into roller I85 on one end of a lever I which is the pipe 13 through which it will be returned to pivoted as at I61. One 'end of the rod or lever the gear pump 90. g I is movably fastened to the lever 15 inter- When the operator wishes the tractor to resume mediate of its ends. The pulling force exerted a straight path of travel he merelyreturns the desired, as here showng-a very small movement ofthecaml'lcausesthevalvellltobeseated.

by the spring I'll through the bell crank arm steering wheel to its neutral position and allparts Ill-holds the roller I55 against the cam I64 of the control mechanism arelikewise returned to.

mail positions of the cam's adjustment. 1 their neutral positions, stopping the operation 'Theoperation of the device is as follows: The of the hydraulic motor. To steer toward track entire hydraulic circuit is fllled with fluid, pref- 32, the operatorrturns the wheel in a clockwise erably oil. The engine II is started and the direction; the check valve III is then closed,

connections in the gear box II are made such, pressure is built up by the gear pump 9|, the valve as to rotate the bevel gear I4 in a clockwise dihousing III is moved in toward the rotor 4| and rection. The tractor will then be propelled forthe pipe I4 is connected with the channel 5! and ward. With the parts in the positions shown in the pipe I3 is connected with the channel 54. The Figures 1 and 2, the tracks 32 and 34 will be direction of flow otthe fluid through the valve driven at equal speeds and the tractor will move member 56 and the hydraulic motor is thus rein a straight 'path. versed and the eccentric collar 54 is driven inthe If it is desired toturn the tractor toward track same direction of rotation as that of the rotor a, the operator turns the steering wheel toward 4|, increasing the speedoi the track 33 and dehis left (presuming that he is facing the engine) creasing the speed of the track 32. The tractor is or in a counterclockwise direction. As the steerthus turned toward track 32, the sharpness of ingpost Iil turnsit carries with it the cam I64 the turn being determined by the amount of and the lever ICI. As the cam moves, the roller register betweenthe ports 1| andv I! and the I55'follows it, permitting the spring I13 to pull channels 84 and 65. toward it the bell crank arm I'll until it strikes As has already been the'stop I14. As the bell crank swings uponits gears are shifted so as to cause the tractor to be pivot 2, its arm "I pushes in the plunger 5 propelled rearwardly, the valve member I23 will andforces the valve I I upon its seat I", shutting automatically be shifted so as tocause pressure oi! the flow of fluid through the by-pasing short fluid to be delivered to the pipe I3 and to connected to one end of the lever 15 which is fulsages 45 and the ports 45 into the valve port 55,

described, 1: the change circuit and causing'pressure to be built up in the pact pipe I4 with the'intake port 05 of the gear passage 0 and the other passages, etc. connected \'pump.' Movement of the housing" away from with it. While thepartsmay beproportioned as the rotor 4| will then cause pressure fluid to be admitted into the valve port 5!; as the differential housing I1 and the rotor 4|.are now being rotated At the same time, the lever Ill is being moved to the left or toward the track 33, forcing the lever II to rock on its fulcrum and moving the valve housing II away from the rotor 4|, This ovement of the housing ll causes the port I2 to begin to register with the channel 6 and the port II to begin to. riglster with the channel 05. The amount ing the speed of track 33 to be increased and the speed of track 32 to be reduced so that the tractor will turn toward track 32.

It will be observed that the operator turns the steering wheel in a counter-clockwise direction to effect steering toward track 33, both when the tractor is being propelled forwardly and rearwardly. Similarly, the steering wheel is turned in a clockwise direction to cause the tractor to turn toward track 32 in both directions of travel of the tractor.

With the controls in the neutral position as shown in Figures 1 and 2, communication is cut off between the pipes 13 and I4 and the channels 64, 65 and 66 in the valve member 56. The fluid within the valve member and the hydraulic motor cannot escape and effectively locks the eccentric collar 54 against rotation with respect to the rotor 4|. The differential gear 2| is therefore driven at the same speed as the differential housing H, the pinions l9 cannot turn and the differential gear 20 is likewise prevented from turning with respect to the differential housing ",fso that both gears 20 and 2|.

are driven at the same speed. In the neutral position of the controls, therefore, my device produces a locked differential effect.

It will be observed that I have provided a simple hydraulic device for use with differential mechanisms and through which the relative speeds of each final driven member may be controlled at will. It will also be observed that the device operates only when it is desired to vary the relative speeds of the final driven members. The work tobe done by it is comparatively small as it transmits no tractive power. *It is easy and inexpensive to maintain as there will be little or no wear, due to its intermittent use, its relatively light load and to its perfect lubrication as oil is the fluid preferably used.-

My. device is also simple and easy to operate, the only effort required being the small amount necessary to move the controls. When used on a track-type tractor or a similar vehicle, these controls may be operated by a steering wheel which the driver turns in the usual and natural manner to effect steering.

While I have shown the valve housing 10 as movable longitudinally of the valve member 56, it will be obvious that said housing may be made stationary and rigid pipe connections used by modifying the valve member 56 so as to have only two circumferential channels which are always in register with the ports II and 12 in the housing 10 and by modifying the valve member I23 and its associated valve arrangement so as to permit them to perform the functions of both throttling and-reversing valves, suitable changes being made in the controls.

What I claim is:

1. A device for varying the relative speeds of members driven through a common differential mechanism, comprising a hydraulic motor, means operatively connecting said'motor to one of said driven members, a fluid pump, fluid connections between said pump and motor, and means independent of said pump for controlling the direction of rotation of said motor.

. 2. A device for varying the relative speeds of members driven through a commo'n diflerential mechanism, comprising a hydraulic motor, means operatively connecting'said motor to one of said driven members, a fluid pump, fluid connections between said pump and motor, and means independent of said pump for controlling the volume of fluid delivered to the motor.

, 3. A device for varying the relative speeds of members driven through, a common differential mechanism, comprising a hydraulic motor, means 1 operatively connecting said motor to one of said driven members, a fluid pump, fluid connections between said pump and motor, and means independent of said pump for controlling the direction of rotation of said motor and for controlling the volume of fluid delivered to the motor.

4. A device for varying the relative speeds of members driven through a common differential mechanism, comprising a plurality of driven members, differential gearing intermediate said driven members, a hydraulic motor operatively connected to one of said driven members, a valve having alternative fluid circuits communicating with said motor, a valve housing slidably mounted on said valve, and a plurality of ports in said housing adapted to register with either of said alternative valve circuits.

5. A device for varying the relative speeds of members driven through-a common differential mechanism, comprising a hydraulic pump, a hydraulic motor operativelyconnected to one of said driven members and to the compensating element of said diiferential mechanism, a valve member'having alternative fluid circuits, means for circulating fluid through either of said circuits alternatively and throttle'means for cutting off said circulation and preventing theescape of fluid from said valve member.

6. In a device for varying the relative speed of two driven shaftsthrough a common differential mechanism the combination of a plurality of differential gears keyed to said respective shafts, a housing for the differential assembly, means for rotating said housing, a fluid motor having one element operatively connected with one of said shafts and another element operatively connected with said housing whereby the speed of rotation of one of said shafts may be made greater and the speed of rotation of the other of said shafts less than the speed of rotation of said housing.

'7. A device for varying the relative speed of two driven shafts through a common differential mechanism comprising a plurality of differential gears keyed to said respective shafts and a housing, means for rotating said housing, a fluid motor operatively connected to one of said shafts whereby the speed of rotation of one of said shafts may be varied with respect to the other of said shafts, a fluid pump for actuating said fluid motor, a valve member intermediate said pump and motor, a plurality of fluid circuits extending through said valve member, fluid connections between said pump and said valve, and

' means for bringing said fluid connections into communication with either of said fluid circuits.

8. In a device for varying the relative speed of two driven shafts through a common diflerential mechanism, a rotary fluid motor operatively connected to one of said shafts, a rotary valve member having a number of fluid passageways communicating at one end with said motor, cirof two driven members, the combination of two shafts, a rotatable differential assembly interposed between said shafts, means for rotating said assembly, a fluid motor comprising an eccentric element and a cylinder element, operative connections between one of said motor elements and one of said driven shafts and between the other of said'motor elements and the compensating element of said diflerential assembly, a supply of fluid under pressure, means for supplying fluid to and exhausting it from said motor, and a valve member for regulating the circulation of fluid to and from said motor.

10. In a device for varyin t e-relative speed of two driven members-through a common differential mechanism, a rotary fluid motor operatively connected to one of said members, saidmotor comprising a rotor having a number of radially arranged cylinders therein, fluid passages forming part of the main fluid circuit communicating with each of said cylinders, pistons in said cylinders and means for returning to the main circuit any fluid leaking past said pistons comprising a passage communicating'between said fluid passage and the interior of said rotor,'said passage being normally closed by a check valve adapted to open under a predetermined pressure in the interior of the rotor. 4

11. In a device for varying the relative speeds of members driven through a common differential means, the combination of a plurality of driven members, a differential assembly intermediate said driven members, a fluid motor operatively connected to one of said driven members, a fluid pump, fluid connections between said pump and said motor and means pump and motor whereby the volume of fluid delivered to the motor may be controlled.

12. A device for steering a motor vehicle by varying the relative speed of its driven members comprising tractor, driven shafts for each of said tracks, differential gear mechanism intermediate said shafts, and a housing thereforengageable with the main driving means, a rotary fluid motor operatively connected with one of said driven shafts to modify the speed imparted to said shaft by the main driving means, a fluid pump and fluid conduits joining said pump and motor, a means for reversing the flow of fluid in said conduits, and automatic means for actuating said flrst means when the direction of travel of said tractor is reversed.

13. A device for steering .a motor vehicle by varying the relative speed of its driven members through a common diflerential mechanism comprising shafts associated with 'eachof said tracks, a differential assembly intermediate said shafts, a rotatable housing therefor, driving means for propelling said tractor operatively connected to said housing, a rotary fluid motor operatively connected with one of said driven shafts tomodifythespeedimparted tosaid Smithy the main driving means, a fluid pump and fluid conduits joining saidpump and motor, a means for reversing the flow of fluid in said conduits, automatic means for actuating said reversing means when the direction of. travel of said trac tor is reversed, a valve member intermediate said pump and motor having a plurality of alternative fluid passages therein,,a1.d means to vary the volume of fluid in saidpassages and the path of fluid through said valve. I

14. A device for steering a motor vehicle by interposed between said driving means for propelling said varying the relative speed of its driven members through a common diflerential mechanism comprising two driven shafts associated with each of said tracks respectively, diiferential mechanism intermediate said shafts, driving means for propelling said tractor, a rotary fluid pump operatively connected with one of said shafts to modify the speed imparted to said shaft by the main driving means, a fluid pump and fluid conduits joining said pump and motor, means for guiding said tractor, a valve member intermediate said pump and said motor, said valve having a plurality of ports adapted to communicate respectively with the high pressure and low pressure sides of .said motor, separate fluid circuits through said valve member communicating with said separate ports, and means operable by said steering control -means for connecting said fluid conduits with either of said valve fluid circuits, and for controlling the volume of fluid in said conduits.

15. A device for steering a motor vehicle by varying the relative speed of its driven members through a common differential mechanism, intersteering control 10 mediate driven shafts associated with each of said tracks comprising a main source of power, means for propelling said tractor, a rotary fluid motor operatively connected with one of saiddriven shafts to modify the speed imparted to a said shaft by the main driving means, a fluid pump and fluid conduits joining said pump and motor, steering control means for guiding said tractor, a by-pass valve in said pump operatively connected with said steering control means, 3

means intermediate said pump and motor to control the speed and direction of rotation pf said motor, said means being also-operatively con-' nected to said steering control means.

16, A device for varying the relative speed of pump and motor, and control valve means where- 4 by the quantity of fluidpassing from said pump to said motor maybe varied from zero to maximum in either direction of flow in the portion .of said circuit intermediate said control valve means and said motor.

17. A device for varying members driven through'a common differential mechanism comprising a fluid pump, inlet and outletfluid passages in said pump a fluid passage interconnecting said inlet and outlet pas- I sages, and a valve adapted normally to, close said interconnecting passage, but supported yieldingly in such a manner that it will serve as a combined by-pass and pressure-relief valve.

18. A 'device for vary the relative members driven through a common differential mechanism comprising a reversible motor op- -eratively connected with said difl'erential and in speed modifying relation to one of said driven members, ene y-Supplying means independent ofqsaid differential mechanisnr 'for said motor, sand control means "the-.operak tion of said motor and including ing said motor to rotate in eitlirdirection wiufi respect to said diilerential mechanism. 19. A device for varying the relative speeds or members driven through a mechanism comprising a fluid motor-having one' element operatively connected with said diifren-J iitil and another element I the relative speeds of speeds of q operatively connected with said differential and in speed modifying relation to one of said drislen members, a source of fluid pressure, and control means regulating the volume and direction of flow of said pressure fluid delivered to said motor to control said speed modifying action 01 5 said motor.

HUGO A. CENTERVALL. 

